Shear stress injury and loss of surfactant from the resulting ...

[EAugust]

Shear stress injury and loss of surfactant from the resulting unstable lung units result in a loss of surfactant. This type of pulmonary trauma is known as _____________.
 
  a. atelectrauma
  b. barotrauma
  c. biotrauma
  d. volutrauma

Question 2

Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is associated with which of the following?
 
  a. Air trapping
  b. Biotrauma
  c. Patient-ventilator asynchrony
  d. Ventilator-associated pneumonia

[Kingjoffery]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
Shear stress injury and loss of surfactant constitute atelectrauma. Lung injury caused by high levels of pressure and volume is referred to as barotrauma or volutrauma. The release of inflam-matory mediators from the lungs that can lead to multiorgan failure is called biotrauma.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
VILI is a lung injury that occurs at the level of the acinus. It is the microscopic level of injury that includes biotrauma, shear stress, and surfactant depletion (atelectrauma). The term ventila-tor-associated lung injury (VALI) is generally used to refer to lung injury identified as being a consequence of mechanical ventilation. The most common forms of VALI are ventila-tor-associated pneumonia (VAP), air trapping, patient-ventilator asynchrony, and extra-alveolar gas (barotrauma), such as pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum.

[EAugust]

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