A 55-year-old patient has been smoking a pack and a half of ...

[fbq8i]

A 55-year-old patient has been smoking a pack and a half of cigarettes (30 cigarettes) per day for 30 years. What is the patient's smoking history?
 
  a. 30 pack-years
  b. 35 pack-years
  c. 40 pack-years
  d. 45 pack-years

Question 2

What term is used to describe the absence of breathing?
 
  a. Orthopnea
  b. Platypnea
  c. Eupnea
  d. Apnea

[pikon]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
If a patient describes his or her smoking in terms of the number of cigarettes, or fractions of a pack, the calculation is as follows: there are 20 cigarettes per pack. If a patient states he or she has smoked a pack and a half of cigarettes per day for 30 years, then the smoking history is cal-culated as follows: 30 cigarettes/20 cigarettes-per-pack = 1.5 packs  30 years = 45 pack-year smoking history.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
Apnea is the term used to describe no breathing and is typically caused by cardiac arrest, narcotic overdose, and severe brain trauma.

[fbq8i]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it

[frankwu0507]

Excellent