Which factor contributes to increased likelihood of an upper ...

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Which factor contributes to increased likelihood of an upper airway obstruction in an infant compared to an adult?
 
  a. Higher percentage of body fat
  b. Higher volumes of sinus discharge
  c. Relatively smaller head size
  d. Tongue that is proportionally larger

Question 2

Abnormalities of the placenta that can cause intrauterine growth retardation or fetal asphyxia in-clude which of the following?
 
  1. Abnormal implantation of the placenta
  2. Separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
  3. Decreased placental blood flow
  a. 2 and 3 only
  b. 1 and 2 only
  c. 1 and 3 only
  d. 1, 2, and 3

[LP]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
Infant neck flexion causes acute airway obstruction. Although the head is larger, an infant's nasal passages are proportionately smaller than are an adult's. In addition, the infant's jaw is much rounder and the tongue is much larger relative to the size of the oral cavity. These anatomic dif-ferences increase the likelihood of airway obstruction when an infant becomes unconscious and loses muscle tone.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
Abnormal implantation of the placenta, tearing of the placenta from the uterine wall, or de-creased placental blood flow can retard intrauterine growth and in severe cases can cause fetal asphyxia and increases the risk for brain damage and respiratory distress in the immediate post-natal period.

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