Author Question: Which sleep stage(s) is (are) characterized normally by irregular breathing patterns with short, ... (Read 58 times)

fagboi · **on:** Jul 16, 2018

Which sleep stage(s) is (are) characterized normally by irregular breathing patterns with short, central periods of apnea and inhibited rib cage muscles and upper airway muscles?

a. Stage 1 sleep c. Stages 3 and 4 sleep
b. Stage 2 sleep d. Rem sleep

Question 2

Stage 2 non-REM sleep is characterized by the presence of which of the following? 1. Relatively low-voltage, mixed-frequency waves 2. Sleep spindles 3. Delta waves 4. K-complexes

a. 1 and 3 c. 1 and 4
b. 2 and 4 d. 2, 3, and 4

scottmt · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 16, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
REM sleep is characterized by the following physiologic effects on respiration: irregular pattern of breathing; short, central apneas; variable and elevated PaCO2 (2-8 mm Hg above wakefulness); inhibited rib cage muscles; inhibited upper airway muscles; decreased chemoresponsiveness; and high threshold of arousability to respiratory stimuli.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
Stage 2 non-REM sleep is identified on a sleeper's electroencephalogra m by the appearance of sleep spindles and K-complexes. Relatively low-voltage, mixed-frequency waves occur during non-REM stage 1 sleep. Delta waves are present during slow-wave sleep or non-REM sleep stages 3 and 4.