Which sleep stage(s) is (are) characterized normally by irregular ...

[fagboi]

Which sleep stage(s) is (are) characterized normally by irregular breathing patterns with short, central periods of apnea and inhibited rib cage muscles and upper airway muscles?
 
  a. Stage 1 sleep c. Stages 3 and 4 sleep
  b. Stage 2 sleep d. Rem sleep

Question 2

Stage 2 non-REM sleep is characterized by the presence of which of the following? 1. Relatively low-voltage, mixed-frequency waves 2. Sleep spindles 3. Delta waves 4. K-complexes
 
  a. 1 and 3 c. 1 and 4
  b. 2 and 4 d. 2, 3, and 4

[scottmt]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
REM sleep is characterized by the following physiologic effects on respiration: irregular pattern of breathing; short, central apneas; variable and elevated PaCO2 (2-8 mm Hg above wakefulness); inhibited rib cage muscles; inhibited upper airway muscles; decreased chemoresponsiveness; and high threshold of arousability to respiratory stimuli.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
Stage 2 non-REM sleep is identified on a sleeper's electroencephalogra m by the appearance of sleep spindles and K-complexes. Relatively low-voltage, mixed-frequency waves occur during non-REM stage 1 sleep. Delta waves are present during slow-wave sleep or non-REM sleep stages 3 and 4.

[fagboi]

TYSM

[juliaf]

Excellent