Answer to Question 1
D
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The first symptom of emphysema is difficulty in breathing after exertion. Other symptoms include wheezing and a chronic cough. Many individuals use abdominal muscles as well as other accessory muscles to aid in breathing. The person is afraid to lie down, so he or she sits up, leaning forward and contracting the neck muscles with every breath. The person also raises the shoulder girdle and shows retraction above the clavicles when breathing. The chest becomes barrel shaped, and the individual looks anxious.
Answer to Question 2
C
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Mechanical devices that provide continuous motion to a specific joint, usually the knee or hip, are called continuous passive motion (CPM) machines. They are often used after surgery for joint replacement or arthroscopic repair of a joint. The CPM machine moves the client's leg without effort on the part of the nurse or client. CPM exercises promote joint mobility and speed rehabilitation. If a client is unable to move, the nurse helps by performing passive range-of-motion (PROM) exercises. The client doing individual self-directed exercises is performing active range of motion (AROM), although supervision may be necessary to ensure that the client moves all joints and muscles to the fullest extent possible. Isometric (muscle-setting) exercises are those the client performs by tightening and releasing certain muscle groups
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