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More than one-third of adult Americans are obese. Diseases that kill the largest number of people annually, such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke, and hypertension, can be attributed to diet.
Drug-induced pharmacodynamic effects manifested in older adults include drug-induced renal toxicity, which can be a major factor when these adults are experiencing other kidney problems.
Tobacco depletes the body of vitamins A, C, and E, which can result in any of the following: dry hair, dry skin, dry eyes, poor growth, night blindness, abscesses, insomnia, fatigue, reproductive system problems, sinusitis, pneumonia, frequent respiratory problems, skin disorders, weight loss, rickets, osteomalacia, nervousness, muscle spasms, leg cramps, extremity numbness, bone malformations, decayed teeth, difficulty in walking, irritability, restlessness, profuse sweating, increased uric acid (gout), joint damage, damaged red blood cells, destruction of nerves, infertility, miscarriage, and many types of cancer.
After a vasectomy, it takes about 12 ejaculations to clear out sperm that were already beyond the blocked area.
Common abbreviations that cause medication errors include U (unit), mg (milligram), QD (every day), SC (subcutaneous), TIW (three times per week), D/C (discharge or discontinue), HS (at bedtime or "hours of sleep"), cc (cubic centimeters), and AU (each ear).
![Nephrolithiasis. Stones, or calculi, may form in several areas within the urinary tract. When they f](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_26_10_12_5_19_57_96641254.jpeg)
![Small nuclear RNAs (snRNA), 100-200 bp in length, form part of the splicing mechanisms to process mR](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_273800_20_01_15_12_38_16_20230724.jpeg)