A patient who smokes has decided to cut down on the number of ...

[captainjonesify]

A patient who smokes has decided to cut down on the number of cigarettes smoked each day and not to go outside with other smokers during work breaks.
 
  The nurse can conclude, according to Prochaska's transtheoretical model of change, that this patient is in the stage of
  a. action.
  b. maintenance.
  c. precontemplation.
  d. preparation.

Question 2

The nurse executive explains to a group of newly hired nurses that the major responsibility for preventing errors in patient care lies with the
 
  a. individual because of legal obligations for safety.
  b. individual, because that is who makes the error.
  c. system, because it is responsible for employee acts.
  d. system, because process designs can lead to errors.

[yahahah24021]

Answer to Question 1

A
In the action stage, a person adopts goals for behavior change, attempts to enact the behavior change, and works to modify the environment to support the change.
The maintenance stage consists of working to prevent reverting to the old behaviors.
In the precontemplation stage, individuals do not see their behavior as a problem and have no intentions of changing their behavior.
In the preparation stage, individuals make a decision to change behaviors in the next month and may take some very small steps to begin the process.

Answer to Question 2

D
Process design and implementation most often lead to the commission of errors. The nurse is a key member of the team to identify poor processes and to work on improvement of processes.
Professional staff does have a legal responsibility for safe care, but hospital systems are more often the root cause of errors.
Individuals do make each error, but often the error is the result of many problems within the system and processes of the health care facility.
The system is responsible for many of its employees' actions but not for all.