Answer to Question 1
D
Alcohol withdrawal usually begins 6 to 8 hours after cessation or marked reduction of alcohol intake. It peaks between 24 and 48 hours, then resolves or progresses to delirium.
Answer to Question 2
A, B, D, F
The initial care plan should incorporate the experiences and preferences of the caregivers and the patient (to gain their support and avoid repeating approaches that have been unsuccessful or unimportant in the past). It should also build on and be consistent with the patient's usual patterns of behavior (where feasible). Another important element to include in planning care is what expectations might be realistic for a particular patient's circumstances, including the knowledge and skill levels of his caregiver(s). Although structured assessment rating scales can be useful, they are not necessarily critical for the initial care plan and may not provide as much practical guidance as the experiences of the patient's caregivers. Caregiver burnout is always a concern, so information about their coping status and access to respite is important but not usually essential for the initial care plan.
The nurse needs to note the source of the patient health history
Visual Acuity Testing: Assist the patient in occluding the eye.
Patient teaching: neck assessment
Position of patient to assess jugular vein distention
Medicinal leeches on a patient’s neck. Today leeches are sometimes used in microsurgery to prevent b
Areas of sclerosis (see arrows) in the white matter of a patient with MS.