Answer to Question 1
Answer: 3
Explanation: Situational crises develop in response to sudden, unexpected traumatic life events. Situational crises often are beyond the established coping capabilities of the individuals experiencing them. Situational crises can arise from many kinds of precipitants, including medical (acute onset injury or new chronic illness diagnosis), psychosocial (divorce, legal problems, financial problems), and cultural (immigration). Patients with chronic illness are at greater risk for situational crisis than individuals without chronic illness. A complicated divorce is more likely to be a situational crisis than an adventitious crisis. Adventitious crises arise from traumatic events that are well beyond the expected scope of normal human experience, such as violent crime, natural disasters, war, and terrorism. Maturational crisis occurs more frequently in adolescents and young adults than in the older adult population. Patients who have miscarried during pregnancy or have delivered a preterm infant are at greater risk for a maturational crisis or situational crisis, not an adventitious crisis.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: 3, 4
Explanation: Maturational crises may occur when an individual has difficulty achieving developmental tasks using available resources and coping strategies. Maturational crises may occur during milestones or developmental tasks, such as early parenting situations, and transitioning from home to college. The young adult single parent and college students are most at risk for experiencing a maturational crisis. The young child whose parent is murdered, as well as the older adult whose spouse recently passed away, are most likely to experience a situational crisis. The exchange student whose family has been killed in a terrorist attack overseas is most at risk for adventitious crisis.