Answer to Question 1
Broadcast application, also called topdressing. Fertilizers, manures, and lime are often applied by broadcasting before the seeding of crops. In addition, established fields of perennial grass pastures and urban lawns are often fertilized using the broadcast method.
Injection. Injection or knifing in a fertilizer is done with anhydrous ammonia and some manures. Injection is critical for anhydrous ammonia because it allows the ammonia to react with the soil water and condense. Injection of liquid animal manure is employed to limit runoff and odors.
Banding. Banding is a typical approach to fertilizer application at planting. The seeding equipment is capable of depositing a band of dry fertilizer within 2 inches (5.1 centimeters) of the seed. The fertilizer is then readily available for the seed to use after it germinates.
Popup fertilizers. These fertilizers are placed in the row with the seed instead of beside the seed as in banding. Popup fertilizers are then available to the germinating seed.
Side-dressing. This is an approach to fertilize annual crops such as corn and potato after the crop has emerged. Fertilizer is deposited with specialized equipment alongside the row.
Fertigation. This process will fertilize a crop by injecting the fertilizer into the irrigation water.
Answer to Question 2
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Advanced functions application
In the retina, there are two types of light receptor cells: Rods are sensitive to differences in lig