A client who suffered multiple trauma in a motor vehicle accident ...

[MGLQZ]

A client who suffered multiple trauma in a motor vehicle accident is receiving care in an orthopedic trauma unit.
 
  The client has a documented history or opioid addiction and the hospital's advanced pain control team has become involved in his pain control plan. Which of the following are aspects of addiction? Select all that apply. A) Compulsive use of a particular drug
  B) Presence of an unusually low pain threshold
  C) The need to use opioids for purposes other than pain relief
  D) The need for increasing size or frequency of opioid doses to achieve pain relief
  E) The use of more than 30 mg of morphine or 15 mg of hydromorphone in a 24 hour period

Question 2

A pregnant client expresses concern that she will develop varicose veins toward the end of her pregnancy. The nurse should recognize that varicose veins are the result of:
 
  a. a genetic defect in the valves of lymph ducts in the lower extremities
  b. compression of the abdominal veins by the progressively enlarging uterus
  c. increased cardiac volume that normally occurs in the last half of the pregnancy
  d. increased fluid volume resulting from the placental filtering of maturing fetal systems

[mirabriestensky]

Answer to Question 1

A, C
Feedback:
The American Pain Society (2008) defines addiction as a pattern of compulsive drug use characterized by a continued craving for an opioid and the need to use the opioid for effects other than pain relief. Drug tolerance is not synonymous with addiction and increased tolerance does not lead to addiction. Addiction is not defined in absolute terms of opioid doses and it is not related to a low pain threshold.

Answer to Question 2

B
Cardiovascular changes in pregnant women include the following. Pulse increases by 10 to 15 bpm. Cardiac output increases 30 to 50. Blood pressure decreases during the second trimester but gradually increases during the third trimester. The enlarged uterus interferes with blood return and may cause dependent edema and varicose veins.

[MGLQZ]

TYSM

[nguyenhoanhat]

Excellent