Answer to Question 1
A
There is a significant association between smoking and postoperative pulmonary complications, specifically pneumonia and atelectasis. Chronic smoking increases the amount and thickness of mucous secretions in the lungs. Patients who are obese are more susceptible to developing atelectasis. Hyperthermia is incorrect because general anesthetics inhibit shivering, a protective reflex to maintain body temperature, and anesthetics cause vasodilation, which results in heat loss. Malnourished patients are more likely to have poor tolerance of anesthesia, negative nitrogen balance, delayed postoperative recovery, infection, and delayed wound healing.
Answer to Question 2
A
Premature infants are at risk for development of respiratory illnesses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as a result of the underdevelopment of the lung. Limiting exposure to crowds of people will limit the exposure to respiratory viruses. Premature infants do not have protection against this virus. The virus is respiratory, so the car seat and bottles will not affect this illness.
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