Author Question: Preconception counseling is a growing trend in health care with the goal being to secure the best ... (Read 62 times)

Mr. Wonderful · **on:** Jul 22, 2018

Preconception counseling is a growing trend in health care with the goal being to secure the best outcome for mother, fetus, and significant others through good prenatal care and teaching that:

a. teratogens can affect fetal development during any trimester.
b. the placenta prevents teratogens from passing to the fetus.
c. teratogens are all man-made, preventable, and do not include viruses or bacteria.
d. smoking has been shown to have no effect on fetal development.

Question 2

A patient was recently diagnosed with heart failure. The health care provider has ordered a low-sodium diet. A nurse is planning patient education for diet instruction. Which information should the nurse present first?

a. How much daily intake of sodium is recommended
b. How to read food labels at the grocery store
c. How to understand the metric system of measurement
d. How to cook different meals with low-sodium foods

ttt030911 · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 22, 2018

Answer to Question 1

A
Teratogens are chemical or physiological agents capable of having adverse effects on the fetus. Exposure to potential teratogens can affect fetal development during any of the trimesters; however, vulnerability is increased during the first trimester when fetal cells are differentiating and organs are forming. Because the placenta is extremely porous, teratogens pass easily from mother to fetus. Some examples of teratogens are viruses, drugs (prescribed, over-the-counter, and street drugs), alcohol, and environmental pollutants, such as lead. The fetal effect of these harmful agents depends on the developmental stage in which exposure takes place. In addition, there is evidence that mothers who smoke deliver infants with lower birth weights than nonsmoking mothers.

Answer to Question 2

A
Present the daily intake of sodium first because material should progress from simple to complex because a person learns simple facts and concepts before learning how to make associations or complex interpretations of ideas. How to read food labels, the metric system, and how to cook different meals are more complex than the daily intake of sodium.