Answer to Question 1
D
The four elements of malpractice are duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages. Because this patient did not have damages, as evidenced by normal blood glucose levels afterward, a case of malpractice would likely not prevail.
The four elements of malpractice are duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages. Emotional distress might be a type of nonpecuniary damage, but the patient would have to prove the nurse caused it. However, because there were no physical damages, it would be difficult to win a case based solely on emotional distress.
The four elements of malpractice are duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages. The nurse clearly breached the duty by not following policy to double check insulin. However, the patient did not suffer any damages, so a malpractice claim would likely not prevail.
The four elements of malpractice are duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages. Even if it is common practice to sidestep policy, the nurse still has the duty to follow it. However, the patient had no damages, so a case of malpractice would likely not prevail.
Answer to Question 2
A, B, C, D
The development of Blue Cross helped hospitals' financial stability by providing patients who were able to pay for care.
Large hospitals, particularly those in cities, experienced more patients who needed medical care but were unable to afford it because of the economic hardships of the Depression.
A total of 570 training programs for nurses were closed because of prohibitive costs during the decade of the Depression.
As hospital care became more sophisticated, more nurses were hired as staff. By 1941, more than 100,000 registered nurses were employed in hospitals.
Religious orders did not provide trained nurses to hospitals to decrease the cost of the nursing staff.