Answer to Question 1
A
Interpersonal variables are factors within both the sender and receiver that influence communica-tion. Perception is one such variable; each person's view of reality is unique and formed by his or her expectations or experiences. Examples of interpersonal variables are postoperative discomfort, anxiety, and medication effects.
An extremely warm room is an example of an environmental variable that may affect communi-cation because of the resulting discomfort.
A talkative roommate is an example of an environmental variable that may affect communication because of the distraction and lack of privacy.
Noise, such as a loud television, is an example of an environmental variable that may affect communication.
Answer to Question 2
C
The nurse and client determine whether the plan of care has been successful by evaluating the client communication outcomes established during planning. This process involves acquiring verbal and nonverbal feedback.
Delegation is not the purpose of communication in the evaluation phase of the nursing process. Delegation is more likely to be used in the implementation phase of the nursing process.
Validation of the client's needs is not why the nurse specifically uses communication in the evaluation phase of the nursing process. Validation of the client's needs is often determined when data are gathered during the assessment phase of the nursing process.
Documenting expected outcomes and planned interventions is part of the planning phase of the nursing process, not the evaluation phase.
Examples of cell-to-cell communication based on the distance between cells
Model of a longitudinal study in which 983 students were surveyed in 1984 and then again in 1985, 19
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