Answer to Question 1
C
Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder; associated symptoms include hematuria and urgency/frequency. Dysuria is a common symptom of a lower urinary tract infection. Flank pain, fever, and chills are all signs of pyelonephritis.
Answer to Question 2
A
Poor muscle tone leads to an inability to control urine flow. The nurse should recommend pelvic muscle strengthening exercises such as Kegel exercises; this solution best addresses the patient's problem. Drinking cranberry juice is a preventative measure for urinary tract infection. The nurse should not encourage the patient to reduce voiding; residual urine in the bladder increases the risk of infection. Wearing an adult diaper could be considered if attempts to correct the root of the problem fail.
The general survey includes assessing every patient for signs of distress.
Cystostomy. An artificial opening is made through the urinary bladder wall during this procedure. As
Treating the pregnant patient
The patient's signature on the informed consent form indicates that the patient understands the
Grief Responses and Patient Verbalization