Answer to Question 1
C
Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder; associated symptoms include hematuria and urgency/frequency. Dysuria is a common symptom of a lower urinary tract infection. Flank pain, fever, and chills are all signs of pyelonephritis.
Answer to Question 2
A
Poor muscle tone leads to an inability to control urine flow. The nurse should recommend pelvic muscle strengthening exercises such as Kegel exercises; this solution best addresses the patient's problem. Drinking cranberry juice is a preventative measure for urinary tract infection. The nurse should not encourage the patient to reduce voiding; residual urine in the bladder increases the risk of infection. Wearing an adult diaper could be considered if attempts to correct the root of the problem fail.
The tone of the nurse-patient introduction sets the stage for the patient interview and patient care
Patient with typical rheumatoid arthritis contractures.
Thyroid scan. The right image is the data from a thyroid scan, printed on a superimposed map of the
Common locations of urinary calculi formation.
Application of an ostomy bag or pouch: B, An ostomy nurse applying an ostomy bag to a stoma;
A patient with Cushing’s syndrome (A) before and (B) after receiving treatment. Sharmyn McGraw