Answer to Question 1
C
The infusion may be flowing faster than the vein can handle, causing discomfort. The nurse should slow down the infusion. Infiltration results in skin that is blanched, cool, and edematous around the IV insertion site. Pain, warmth, erythema, and a palpable venous cord are all symptoms of phlebitis. Allergic response to the fluid could involve a combination of itching, flushing, hypotension, and dyspnea, depending on the severity.
Answer to Question 2
B
Toxic levels of morphine may cause severe respiratory depression. Toxic effects may develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion. The client with a decreased urine output is not excreting the morphine.
The therapeutic effect is the expected or predictable physiological response a medication causes. Respiratory depression and decreased urine output are not the desired (i.e., therapeutic) effects of morphine.
An idiosyncratic effect occurs when a medication causes an unpredictable outcome, such as when a client overreacts or underreacts to a medication. This is not an example of an idiosyn-cratic effect.
When a client experiences an allergic response to a medication, the medication acts as an antigen, triggering the release of the body's antibodies. The client may experience itching, urticaria, a rash, or in more severe cases, may have difficulty breathing. This client's response to morphine is not an example of an allergic effect.
Critical thinking involves analysis in which the nurse examines patient data available from a variet
Patient with a cerebrovascular accident.
Position of shunt to drain fluid in hydrocephalus.
Patient Physical Status Classification
Denture sore mouth in a patient who never removed partial dentures at night.
Work of Running Water