Answer to Question 1
A
Buccal medications should be placed in the side of the cheek and allowed to dissolve completely. Buccal medications act with the patient's saliva and mucosa. The patient should not chew or swallow the medication. Gastric secretions may destroy some medications. The patient should rotate sides of the check to avoid irritating the mucosal lining.
Answer to Question 2
C
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A The empirical pattern of knowing is knowledge that is systematically organized into general laws and theories for the purpose of describing, explaining, and predicting phenomena of special concern to the discipline of nursing (Carper, 1978, p. 14).
B The esthetic pattern of knowing involves the active transformation of the patient's behavior into a perception of what is significant in itthat is, what need is being expressed by the behavior (Carper, 1978, p. 17).
C Personal knowledge is concerned with the knowing, encountering, and actualizing of the concrete, individual self (Carper, 1978, p. 18). This type of knowing deals with ways a nurse successfully assists a patient to reach health goals through the rapport established with this individual.
D The ethical pattern of knowing requires an understanding of different philosophical positions regarding what is good, what ought to be desired, and what is right; of different ethical frameworks devised for dealing with the complexities of moral judgements; and of various orientations to the notion of obligation (Carper, 1978, p. 21).