Answer to Question 1
A
According to Freud, disruption in the physical or emotional availability of the parent for the newborn (e.g., undergoing surgery) will affect the oral stage of development.
According to Freud, the anal stage is from ages 12 to 18 months to 3 years, when the child is undergoing toilet training.
According to Freud, the phallic stage is from ages 3 to 6 years, when the child becomes interest-ed in the genital organs.
According to Freud, the latent stage is from ages 6 to 12 years, when the child represses sexual urges and channels them into productive activities that are socially acceptable.
Answer to Question 2
A
Young children have difficulty understanding procedures that may cause pain. Cognitively, tod-dlers and preschoolers are often unable to recall explanations about pain or associate pain with experiences that can occur in various situations. They may also have difficulty expressing their pain or they may use verbal indicators that differ from those used by older individuals.
Increased separation anxiety is not the greatest barrier in assessing the child's pain.
Reluctance to talk to strangers is not the greatest barrier in assessing the child's pain.
Expressing pain on a scale of 0 to 10 is not an appropriate assessment tool for a 3-year-old in as-sessing her pain.
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