Answer to Question 1
A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mildred Montag, Clara Barton, and Mary Agnes Snively came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Dr. Mildred Montag established the first associate degree nursing program in 1952 . Mary Agnes Snively began forming the Canadian National Association of Trained Nurses in 1883.
Answer to Question 2
A, C, D
Coughing assists in removing retained mucus in the airways. A deep, productive cough is more beneficial than merely clearing the throat. The patient needs to anticipate postoperative discom-fort and understand the importance of coughing, even when it is difficult. Teach the patient to splint an abdominal or thoracic incision to minimize pain during coughing. Pain control is essen-tial for effective deep breathing and coughing; educate the patient to ask for pain medications as needed. Deep breathing also helps to clear any anesthetic gases from the airways.
When using an interpreter, the nurse should pose questions directly to the patient, not the interpre
A, A nurse is adding a medication to an IV line as a piggyback
B, The nurse teaches the postoperative client to use an incentive spirometer to expand the lungs.
Entry level nurse competencies
The nurse begins the general survey