Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Nurses who can think for themselves and consider different methods of performing technical skillsnot just the way they may have been taught in schooldevelop an attitude of independence.
Rationale 2: Courage to challenge the status quo comes from recognizing that sometimes beliefs are false or misleading. Integrity requires that individuals apply the same rigorous standards of proof to their own knowledge and beliefs; that is not what is described in the scenario.
Rationale 3: Integrity requires that individuals apply the same rigorous standards of proof to their own knowledge and beliefs; that is not what is described in the scenario.
Rationale 4: Confidence is the self-assurance to act on one's own beliefs; that is not what is described in the scenario.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Fair-mindedness means assessing all viewpoints with the same standards and not basing judgments on personal or group bias or prejudice.
Rationale 2: Critical thinkers are open to the possibility that their personal biases or social pressures and customs could unduly affect their thinking. They actively try to examine their own biases and bring them to awareness each time they make a decision. Understanding that how things were done and what practices were common may be completely different in the new surroundings is an example of the nurse implementing this attitude.
Rationale 3: Intellectual humility means having an awareness of the limits of one's own knowledge.
Rationale 4: Intellectual courage to challenge the status quo and rituals is taking a fair examination of one's own ideas or views, especially those to which one may have a strongly negative reaction.