Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
In experimental research, the independent variable is referred to as an experimental variable or treatment variable. An independent variable is a concept or idea whose value determines the value of other (dependent) variables. In research, the independent variable comprises the experimental treatment or intervention, and it is manipulated by the researcher to yield various outcomes. The dependent variable is the outcome that is affected by manipulation of the independent variable. For example, in researching the effectiveness of an antihypertensive medication, the medication is the independent variable and the person's blood pressure is the dependent variable. In a controlled study, some of the participants are assigned to the treatment group, and others are assigned to the control group by a random process. The control group does not receive the treatment. In the clinical trial of a medication, the control group receives a placebo. The purpose of a control group is to prevent bias and ensure that the outcome results from the treatment rather than some other factor.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
Quantitative research is based on a post-positivist philosophy, which assumes that reality is objective, fixed, stable, observable, measurable, and value free. Positivism assumes that the approach is deductive in nature, and it seeks to gain knowledge through scientific and experimental research. Quantitative research usually produces data in the form of numbers.
A nurse shows empathy to a client.
A nurse administers an intermittent bolus feeding.
Instilling Ear Medication
NCC MERP Index for categorizing medication errors.
The nurse conveys attentive listening through a posture of involvement
The Dose-Effect Relationship, Showing (A) Drug Potency and (B) Drug Efficacy (Or Effectiveness)