Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
Like the democratic leader, the permissive or laissez-faire leader thinks that employees are motivated by their own desire to do well. The laissez-faire leader provides little or no direction to followers, who develop their own goals and make their own. The authoritarian or autocratic leader exercises strong control over subordinates. The participative or democratic leader believes that employees are motivated by internal means and want to participate in decision making. The primary function of the leader in this situation is to foster communication and develop relationships with followers. Like the autocratic leader, the bureaucratic leader assumes that employees are motivated by external forces. This type of leader relies on policies and procedures to direct goals and work processes. The nurse using bureaucratic leadership tends to relate impersonally to staff and exercises power on the basis of established rules.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
Magnanimity means giving credit where credit is due. Good leaders reflect the work and success of accomplishing a goal by crediting those who helped reach it. Dedication is the ability to spend the time necessary to accomplish a task. Effective leaders persist in working toward accomplishment of a goal even when doing so is difficult. Openness refers to the leader's ability to listen to other points of view without prejudging or discouraging them. An effective leader considers others' opinions with an open mind because a wider variety of solutions to problems is offered. Openness by the nurse leader encourages creative solutions by providing an environment in which people feel comfortable thinking outside the box. Creativity is the ability to think differently. A creative leader examines all possible solutions to a problem even if at first glance they appear to be unrealistic or outside the norm. This ability allows the nurse leader to inspire followers to consider broader visions and goals.
The nurse needs to note the source of the patient health history
To check pupillary reflexes the nurse first holds the penlight
Patient Teaching Methods Cont.
Variations Affecting Health Care Among Different Cultures
A histologic slide showing the sponge-like architecture of a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.
Head of a patient with tertiary syphilis.