Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
The first step of clinical reasoning is to develop treatment objectives based on all available patient and drug information. Treatment objectives are influenced by the severity, the urgency, and the prognosis of the disease. Prevention, cure, alleviation, and palliation therapies are interrelated and interdependent, in many instances. In order for cure to occur, the patient must both perceive that the illness exists and simultaneously function in the sick role. Perceiving the illness can occur as part of prevention or alleviation, as well as palliation, but active functioning in the sick role would not simultaneously occur in connection with these treatment objectives.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
There are a multitude of factors that influence the decision to use a particular drug regimen. Preskorn's STEPS mnemonic helps to organize drug information by level of importance:
SSafety
TTolerability
EEfficacy
PPrice
SSimplicity of use
The drug variables affecting patient tolerance to a drug include (1) the drug's potency; (2) the therapeutic index, or the ratio of effective dose to lethal dose; (3) maximum effect, the greatest response possible regardless of the dose given; (4) latency, the time necessary for the onset of therapeutic effects; (5) peak, the time it takes for drug effects to reach maximum; and (6) dura-tion of action, the length of time the drug is effective.
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