A patient with cirrhosis has begun displaying signs and symptoms ...

[renzo156]

A patient with cirrhosis has begun displaying signs and symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. The nurse prepares to administer lactulose per the prescriber's order. The nurse understands that this drug has been ordered to
 
  a. reduce cerebral edema.
  b. reduce abdominal ascites.
  c. lower ammonia levels.
  d. reduce the hepatic enzymes.

Question 2

The nurse, who is caring for a patient with constipation, is preparing to administer morning medications.
 
  The nurse determines that concurrent drug administration of which of the following medications most likely would contribute to constipation? (Select all that apply.)
  a. Oxycodone/acetaminophen (Percocet)
  b. Aluminum hydroxide
  c. Benztropine (Cogentin)
  d. Ranitidine (Zantac)
  e. Diazepam (Valium)

[zoeyesther]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Lactulose is the only laxative known to lower ammonia levels in patients with portal hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy secondary to liver disease.
Lactulose does not work to reduce cerebral edema, nor is there any indication the patient is experiencing it.
Lactulose does not work to reduce abdominal ascites.
Lactulose does not reduce liver enzymes.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A, B, C
Drugs that most likely would contribute to constipation are the opioids (oxycodone/acetaminophen), anticholinergics (benztropine), and some antacids (aluminum hydroxide).
Ranitidine and diazepam are not associated with constipation.

[renzo156]

TYSM

[aliotak]

Great answer, keep it coming