An elderly patient weighing 119 pounds reports having back pain ...

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An elderly patient weighing 119 pounds reports having back pain for 3 months and taking only nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents to alleviate the pain. The nurse anticipates the administration of which medication to address the patient's chronic pain?
 
  a. Fentanyl (Duragesic) 25 mcg
  b. Hydrocodone (Vicodin) 60 mg
  c. Tramadol (Ultram) 50 mg
  d. Morphine sulfate 10 mg

Question 2

A nurse is providing patient education for a patient scheduled for an endoscopic procedure.
 
  The patient is a little anxious and says she is unclear about the sedation that will be used, even after the anesthesiologist explained procedural sedation. The nurse clarifies that during most endoscopic procedures, which of the following drugs is used for this type of sedation?
  a. Ketamine (Ketalar)
  b. Thiopental (Pentothal)
  c. Midazolam (Versed)
  d. Etomidate (Amidate)

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
Duragesic would be used to address the patient's chronic pain, and the dose is appropriate for the patient's weight and age.
Hydrocodone is indicated for acute moderate to severe pain, not for the chronic pain reported by this patient.
Ultram is indicated for short-term therapy for acute pain.
Morphine sulfate is indicated for acute moderate to severe pain and would not be used for chronic pain; nor would it be used in an elderly patient because of its respiratory depressive effect.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
Midazolam may be used for conscious sedation when used with an opioid analgesic and is suitable for minor surgeries and endoscopic procedures.
Ketamine, thiopental, and etomidate are not used for procedural sedation.

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