Answer to Question 1
A
Xerostomia is a common side effect of clonidine and is often uncomfortable enough that patients stop using the drug. Counseling patients to chew sugar-free gum and take frequent sips of liquid can help alleviate this discomfort. Drowsiness is common, but this side effect becomes less in-tense over time. Patients should be counseled to avoid hazardous activities in the first weeks of therapy if they feel this effect. The hypertensive effects of clonidine are not posture dependent, as they are with the peripheral alpha-adrenergic blockers, so orthostatic hypotension is minimal with this drug. Clonidine causes euphoria, hallucinations, and sedation in high doses and can cause anxiety or depression, although the last two effects are less common. The drug should not be stopped abruptly because of the risk of rebound hypertension, so patients experiencing un-pleasant central nervous system (CNS) effects should consult their provider about withdrawing the medication slowly.
Answer to Question 2
B
Taking the medication immediately after breast-feeding minimizes the drug concentration in the breast milk at the next feeding. Disrupting breast-feeding is not indicated. Pumping the breast milk will not diminish the drugs or drug concentration in the breast milk. Taking the medication 1 hour before breast-feeding will increase concentrations of the drug in the breast milk.
The nurse assists the patient in reflecting on his feelings
Symptoms of a patient in shock.
Patient Information Supplied When Scheduling Hospital Admissions
Calipers being used to measure body fat on the triceps of a patient.
Areas of sclerosis (see arrows) in the white matter of a patient with MS.