A nurse is preparing to administer IV calcium chloride to a ...

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A nurse is preparing to administer IV calcium chloride to a patient with a low serum calcium level. Which drug on the patient's medication record, administered concurrently, would require additional patient monitoring by the nurse?
 
  a. Digoxin Lanoxin
  b. Furosemide Lasix
  c. Lorazepam Ativan
  d. Pantoprazole Protonix

Question 2

A nursing student asks a nurse about pharmaceutical research and wants to know the purpose of randomization in drug trials. The nurse explains that randomization is used to do what?
 
  a. To ensure that differences in outcomes are the result of treatment and not differences in subjects
  b. To compare the outcome caused by the treatment to the outcome caused by no treatment
  c. To make sure that researchers are unaware of which subjects are in which group
  d. To prevent subjects from knowing which group they are in and prevent preconcep-tion bias

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Answer to Question 1

A
Parenteral calcium may cause severe bradycardia in patients taking digoxin; therefore, the heart rate should be monitored closely. Concurrent administration of calcium chloride and pantopra-zole, lorazepam, or furosemide is not known to lead to drug interactions.

Answer to Question 2

A
Randomization helps prevent allocation bias, which can occur when researchers place subjects with desired characteristics in the study group and other subjects in the control group so that dif-ferences in outcome are actually the result of differences in subjects and not treatment. Compar-ing treatment outcome to no treatment outcome is the definition of a controlled study. The last two options describe the use of blinding in studies; blinding ensures that researchers or subjects (or both) are unaware of which subjects are in which group so that preconceptions about benefits and risks cannot bias the results.

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