The steps of the swallowing reflex are 1 . Soft palate ...

[drink]

The steps of the swallowing reflex are
 
  1 . Soft palate elevates.
  2 . Respirations cease.
  3 . Larynx rises and the glottis closes.
  4 . Pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract.
 
  In what order do these actions occur in order to allow a person to swallow?
  A) 2, 4, 1, 3
  B) 4, 3, 2, 1
  C) 1, 2, 3, 4
  D) 3, 1, 4, 2

Question 2

Nursing care for the postoperative patient requiring long-term glucocorticoid therapy will be directed at overcoming what adverse effect of the drug?
 
  A) Poor wound healing
  B) Inflammation
  C) Autoimmune response
  D) Lack of mobility

[wshriver]

Answer to Question 1

C
Feedback:
Receptors send impulses to the medulla, which stimulates a series of nerves that cause the following actions, which are the soft palate elevates and seals off the nasal cavity, respirations cease in order to protect the lungs, the larynx rises and the glottis closes to seal off the airway, and the pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract and force the food bolus into the top of the esophagus, where pairs of muscles contract in turn to move the bolus down the esophagus into the stomach.

Answer to Question 2

A
Feedback:
Patients taking long-term glucocorticoid therapy will have impaired wound healing so nursing care is directed toward promoting healing. The drug has an anti-inflammatory effect so that would not need to be overcome. There is no autoimmune response or lack of mobility so these do not have to be overcome.