Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
Echinacea is a nonspecific stimulator of the innate (nonspecific) immune system. It stimulates phagocytosis and effector cell activity. There is an increased release of tumor necrosis factors and interferons from macrophages and T lymphocytes, which increases the body's resistance to bacterial and viral infection. It may have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting hyaluronidase, a potent inflammatory. Aloe gel has been marketed for topical use to treat pain, inflammation, and itching and as a healing agent for sunburn, skin ulcers, psoriasis, and frostbite. Chamomile is used as a digestive aid for bloating and as an antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory in the GI tract, an antispasmodic for menstrual cramps, an anti-inflammatory for skin irritation, and a mouthwash for minor mouth irritation or gum infections. Ginger has been used for centuries to alleviate nausea and vomiting from a variety of causes. It is thought to act as an antiemetic by increasing gastroduodenal motility and by blocking serotonin receptors that, when stimulated, may trigger nausea and vomiting.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
Valerian has been used for more than 1000 years as a mild tranquilizer. Valerian is used for restlessness and may promote sleep. Valerian does not affect cholesterol levels, prevent infection, or affect mood.
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