An observational study has found that drivers who report that they routinely wear a seatbelt were less likely to have been given a traffic ticket for speeding in the past three years. A politician hears about this result and proposes a bill to finance a public education campaign to get people to wear seatbelts. He argues that if it works, it would reduce speeding as well. What would you conclude about his reasoning?
a. It is correct.
b. It is not correct because the relationship between seatbelt use and speeding tickets is probably due to confounding variables.
c. It is not correct because the cause and effect relationship is most likely in the other direction.
d. It is not correct because the results of an observational study cannot be extended to a population.
Question 2
An observational study has found that drivers who report that they routinely wear a seatbelt were less likely to have been given a traffic ticket for speeding in the past three years. Of the following, which is the most likely explanation for this observed relationship?
a. Police are less likely to stop a driver for speeding when they can see that he or she is wearing a seatbelt.
b. People are less likely to speed when they are wearing a seatbelt.
c. Confounding variables such as age and attention to risk factors in driving cause the same drivers who are likely to wear seatbelts to also be less likely to speed.
d. Relying on memory has created a problem because most people don't remember if they have had a speeding ticket in the past three years.
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Observational Learning