Answer to Question 1
The land music genre is part of 'the revival and reconstruction of ancient and almost forgotten Afro-Peruvian' song-genres that began in the late 1950s. Rather than originating in a popular spontaneous movement, this was initiated by local intellectuals interested in the revival and recognition of the contribution of blacks to Peruvian culture' WOM citing Romero, 1994. This movement took place in spite of a substantial reduction of African musical instruments and African-related musical practices prior to present-day Peru, which at one time had been a major nucleus of African slavery.
Answer to Question 2
Toqui AmaruNueva Cancin group of The University of Texas (Austin)
Voces and Taki anintermediate and advanced-level Andean ensemble respectively, from the University of California at Santa Cruz Taki an focuses on traditional Andean musics in Spanish, Quichua/Quechua, and Nueva Cancin musics, sometimes presenting music from a single repertory, (for example, Colombian musics) and sometimes presenting a varied repertory of traditional and Nueva Cancin musics.
Aconcaguaa musical ensemble at Florida State University that performs a variety of Andean musics
Vientofocuses on traditional South-Andean musics for zampoa (bamboo panpipe) and tarqa (a tarqa is a wooden duct flute similar to a recorder); this ensemble frequently performs in Berkeley, California
Los Mapachesan ensemble of some thirty-five to fifty schoolchildren from a school in Berkeley, California, who perform Andean musics on zampoas and other instruments--locally, in concert.
See WOM for meaning and derivation of names of groups.
Abandoned Mine Land
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