When research participants receive different types of information ...

[mmm]

When research participants receive different types of information that might affect their behavior on the dependent variable, we know that the independent variable is
 
  a. a situational variable.
  b. a participant variable.
  c. a task variable.
  d. an instructional variable.

Question 2

When an independent variable involves pre-existing characteristics of the participant like age or political affiliation, the independent variable is a
 
  a. a task variable.
  b. a subject variable.
  c. an instructional variable.
  d. a manipulated variable.

[tofugiraffe]

Answer to Question 1

d

Answer to Question 2

b