Answer to Question 1
Answer: B
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Earth absorbs short-wavelength radiation from the Sun and reradiates it as long-wavelength terrestrial radiation. Incoming short-wavelength solar radiation easily penetrates the atmosphere to reach and warm Earth's surface, but outgoing long-wavelength terrestrial radiation cannot penetrate the atmosphere to escape into space. Instead, atmospheric gases (mainly water vapor and carbon dioxide) absorb the long-wave terrestrial radiation. As a result, this long-wave radiation keeps Earth's surface warmer than it would be if there were no atmosphere.