Suppose your friend Ellen has lost the back to her earring. She looks around her room, picks up a pencil, removes the eraser, and uses the eraser as a substitute for the missing part. According to the chapter on problem solving, Ellen
a. has solved an ill-defined problem.
b. is too heavily guided by mental set.
c. has focused on the initial state.
d. has overcome functional fixedness.
Question 2
One way that functional fixedness and mental set are similar to each other is that
a. Both emphasize our reliance on bottom-up processing.
b. Both show that we rely too heavily on a strategy that is typically useful.
c. Both show that we tend to emphasize the positive, rather than the negative.
d. Both emphasize our inability to use situated learning effectively.
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