Answer to Question 1
Advantages of segregated placements include independent individualized instruction that is not in competition with the mainstream curriculum. Such curricula allow for direct relationships to the world of work and independent living. Disadvantages include limited opportunities to interact with peers, not enough emphasis on transition to life after school.
Integrated placements (sometimes called inclusion) also have advantages. Placing students with their peers allows both students and peers to establish realistic links that will eventually lead to accommodations in industry and social-recreational domains. Yet students may not get the full support they need in inclusive classrooms if resources are short, especially teachers time resources.
Answer to Question 2
The first category is formal supports. Formal supports are the legal requirements, organizations and agencies that offer people with disabilities and their families protection, resources, and assistance. They serve as a structure for financial and governmental incentives to individuals and communities. The second category is natural supports. Natural supports are the opportunities, activities, and responses offered by family, friends, and neighbors. Formal supports can provide important evidence of societys responsibilities and efforts to create quality life experiences for individuals with disabilities. The natural supports, however, touch each individual personally and serve as the resource for making necessary changes and modifications, in formal support networks over time.
Until the 1960s, the South’s public facilities were segregated. Some were reserved for whites, ...
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