Answer to Question 1
This will depend on product. All products use heat as a method of preservation, some all include the use of sugar and the use of Morton Tender Quick which contains both sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite, curing agents that also contribute to development of color and flavor.
Answer to Question 2
Subtract the weight of the final product from the weight of the fresh ingredients to find the weight of the yield. To find the percent yield divide the weight of the yield by the weight of the fresh ingredients and multiply by 100.