Answer to Question 1
Mixtures are available that contain all three macronutrientsprote in, carbohydrate, and fatspremixed in one container. There are also methods of delivering the macronutrients from one container but the lipids are attached to the delivery bag and not actually in the same bag as the protein and carbohydrate. Advantages are fewer I.V.s to monitor, fewer entry sites needed. Disadvantages include the danger of precipitates occurring in the mixture and not being detected because of the cloudiness caused by the lipids.
Answer to Question 2
Yes. The I.V. lipids can help provide adequate kcals without giving excessive glucose. With the proper mix of lipids, glucose, and protein, fewer complications with liver functions and glucose tolerance can be expected. Weinsier et al.8 point out the benefits of daily lipids, which include: nitrogen balance, faster synthesis of proteins, such as albumin, improved glucose tolerance, lowered insulin levels; patients with ventilatory failure, CO2 retention and hypoxemia benefit from the lesser CO2 production associated with lipid oxidation.
a) Using a soft pillow rather than a hard bolster under the knees will reduce pressure on the back ...
Secure drape under hip and top arm, and undrape back; stand in back at waist facing head. Apply ...
Dorsal fulling for the back, ribs, and lymphatic reflexes.
TASTE: More Matters: Include Fruit and Vegetables in Meals and Snacks
Lipid Metabolism
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