Give the pathophysiology of the following: ...

[jCorn1234]

Give the pathophysiology of the following:

Question 2

After admission GG received packed cells and IV fluids. How would that affect the next set of lab values?

[joewallace]

Answer to Question 1

Retinopathy: the incidence of diabetic retinopathy is directly correlated with the duration of the disease. After 10 yrs of diabetes, half the patients show some degree of retinopathy, and after 25 yrs 95 have retinopathy. In simple background retinopathy, retinal edema occurs. This causes hemorrhages to occur throughout the posterior retina. In preproliferative background retinopathy, retinal infarcts occur.1

Neuropathy: diabetic neuropathies represent vascular insufficiency or infarction in nerves, presumably caused by small vessel disease.2

Nephropathy: renal biopsy reveals diffuse intercapillary glomerulosclerosis, and concentric hyaline masses are frequently seen to distend capillary loops. The diffuse intercapillary glomerulosclerosis appears to be the significant pathologic lesion since not all patients exhibit the nodular hyaline masses.3

Nephrotic Syndrome: characterized clinically by edema of variable degree, heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemi a, and hyperlipemia.4

Answer to Question 2

Those that were elevated d/t dehydration would be lower. Blood cells may be higher if blood was analyzed right after infusion.

[jCorn1234]

Great answer, keep it coming

[yeungji]

Gracias!