Answer to Question 1
The cause of insulin resistance is still unknown but many theories predominate. Probably there is more than one reason. Genetics can play a role, as can excess weight and lack of exercise. Some medications can also cause insulin resistance, particularly adrenal steroid hormones. Insulin resistance also increases if blood glucose stays high for an extended period of time. This causes a condition known as glucotoxicity. For whatever the reason, when insulin resistance occurs, the normal amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas is not able to allow glucose to enter into cells. To maintain a normal blood glucose, the pancreas secretes additional insulin. In many cases this is still sufficient for glucose to enter cells and hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia result.
Answer to Question 2
Nexium: proton pump inhibitor.
Amoxicillin: penicillin anti-infective drug.
Clarithromycin: macrolide anti-infective drug effective against H. pylori.
Current Resistance and Voltage
Insulin Types and Duration of Action
The lower respiratory tract and the process of gas exchange.
Three Phases of the Tissue/Wound Repair Process.
The General Process of Sensation
Examples of Tuberculin, Insulin, and 3-mL Hypodermic Syringes