Answer to Question 1
B
In women with type 1 diabetes, good metabolic control at the time of conception and during the first trimester helps prevent fetal malformations. Macrosomia is related to hyperglycemia in the second and third trimesters. Metabolic control does not affect nutrient deficiencies. Excessive weight gain may exacerbate poor metabolic control, but poor metabolic control does not usually cause weight gain.
Answer to Question 2
B
It is important to control maternal blood glucose levels during pregnancy to prevent macrosomia in the infant. The infant may have higher fat stores than normal; this is called macrosomia rather than obesity. Increased maternal blood glucose levels do not cause type 1 diabetes mellitus or pancreatic insufficiency in the infant.