Answer to Question 1
B
Men generally require more protein than women because they have more lean body mass than women; lean body mass requires more protein to maintain. Men are not necessarily more active than women. They do have a high metabolic rate, but this is because they have more lean body mass; their higher metabolic rate affects their energy needs, not their protein needs. Men do not use protein less efficiently than women.
Answer to Question 2
A
The measurement of food protein quality that is based on the amount retained in the body after digestion, absorption, and excretion is biologic value. Amino acid score measures the amino acid content of a food compared with a reference protein. Protein efficiency ratio measures the effects of different proteins on weight gain in rats. Urinary urea excretion measures the amount of ni-trogen excreted from the body; this includes nitrogen from breakdown of endogenous (body) proteins and exogenous (food) proteins.
Protein degradation via the proteasome
Synthesis of the active hormone formed from vitamin D or its precursor in skin.
Oil drop model of protein folding
Four ways to visualize protein structure
Active transport: Absorption Methods in the Small Intestine
Antibiotic Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis