Answer to Question 1
B
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In the clinical setting, nitrogen balance is determined by comparing nitrogen intake with nitrogen excretion over a 24-hour period. To calculate nitrogen intake, protein intake is measure for a 24-hour period. The total amount of protein consumed (in grams) is then divided by 6.25 because protein is 16 nitrogen by weight. The result is the grams of nitrogen consumed per 24 hours. Nitrogen excretion is ascertained by having a 24-hour urine sample analyzed for the amount (grams) of urinary urea nitrogen it contains. A coefficient of 4 is added to this number to account for the estimated daily nitrogen loss in feces, hair, nails, and skin. Finally, the amount of nitrogen consumed is compared with the total amount of nitrogen excreted to reveal a positive, negative, or neutral nitrogen balance. The other answers are not part of determining the nitrogen balance of the body.
Answer to Question 2
B, C
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One medium-sized fruit and 1/2 cup of vegetable juice are correct servings sizes on the DASH diet. It is recommended that skinless chicken breast, 1/2 cup of ice cream, and 2 tablespoons of peanut butter be used as a serving size.