Answer to Question 1
Humanists believe in the basic goodness of humanity and respect for mankind. At the core of the theory is the belief that people are unique in the development of personal goalswith the ultimate goal being self-actualization. Self-actualized people are independent, are creative, set their own goals, and accept themselves. Humanists also propose that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs that include approval, recognition, achievement, and the fulfillment of each person's potential. In this hierarchy, each need requires fulfillment before the next need becomes relevant. The present is the most important time for any person rather than the past or the future. For instance, a person will not exercise unless he or she has had something to eat within a reasonable amount of time. Similarly, a person who uses cigarette smoking to maintain weight will not give up smoking unless proper weight management is accomplished by other means (healthy eating habits and increased physical activity). The challenge, then, is to identify basic needs at the core of the hierarchy (acceptance, independence, recognition) before other healthy behaviors (exercise, stress management, altruism) are considered.
Answer to Question 2
b
Barriers to change
Monstrous people from distant lands depicted in a fifteenth-century European woodcut.
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