Answer to Question 1
b
Answer to Question 2
Studies are beginning to show that exposure to morning light can influence body weight and the hormones that regulate hunger. Data have shown that people who get more light exposure early in the day have lower BMIs. Light exposure needs to be at least 500 lux (about the brightness of a typical office), but a higher amount could be better. Outside in full daylight exposure, a person gets approximately 10,000 lux.
People who had most of their daily exposure to even moderately bright light in the morning had a significantly lower BMI than those who had most of their light exposure later in the day, the study found. The earlier the light exposure takes place in the day, the lower the individuals' BMI. Additional research suggests that sleep deprived individuals with ghrelin and leptin levels out of range showed improvements in their levels following two hours of daylight exposure shortly after waking up.
A third study indicated that obese women exposed to bright light for a minimum of 45 minutes of morning light (between 6:00 am and 9:00 am) for three weeks had a slight drop in body fat. Based on these data, weight management researchers indicate that light is a powerful biological signal to the human body and that proper timing (early morning), intensity, and duration of light exposure is important in a sound weight management program.
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