Answer to Question 1
ANS: F
FEEDBACK: By whatever nameself-efficacy, internal locus of control, or optimismcontrol is determined by social and environmental factors. It is learned in infancy and childhood, though it can change later in life.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: T
FEEDBACK: A high degree of control has been related to better coping mechanisms, fewer stress effects, greater mental and physical health, perseverance, higher aspirations and self-esteem, lower anxiety, higher grades, and greater social skills and popularity. People who believe they have control over their lives are high in self-efficacy, have an internal locus of control, and are not characterized by learned helplessness (which involves lack of control).