Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
FEEDBACK: A ward of female psychotic patients in a state mental institution was treated as a giant Skinner box. They had been institutionalized for a long time and were unable to care for themselves. In this setting of utter hopelessness, the patients were offered opportunities to work at jobs, for which they would receive tokens. The conditioning worked dramatically. Not only did the patients groom themselves and clean their surroundings, but they also busied themselves at a variety of tasks.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
FEEDBACK: According to Skinner, behavior is controlled and modified by variables that are external to the organism. Skinner suggested that to some extent we can control the external variables that determine our behavior through four self-control techniques: stimulus avoidance, self-administered satiation, aversive stimulation, and self-reinforcement.