Answer to Question 1
Alcohol is a colorless liquid that is created by fermentation. Fermentation is the chemical reaction that splits a molecule of sugar into equal parts of ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. The fermentation process is caused by yeast that may occur naturally in the liquid or may be added to the liquid by an alcoholic beverage maker. After fermentation, the carbon dioxide escapes into the air and the ethyl alcohol remains in the liquid. The result is an alcoholic beverage. The major types of alcoholic beverages are beer, wine, and spirits.
Answer to Question 2
Requirements depend on the total relative amounts of paper, plastic, and cans generated, cost of removal, and the prevailing laws regarding disposal. Various options are compaction, incinerating, grinding, and pulping. Compactors are useful when handling large amounts of waste. They reduce large volumes of waste into smaller amounts. Both volume and weight are concentrated. Care must be taken that the resulting package can be handled easily. Incineration involves burning the waste. Local pollution regulations may make this option cost prohibitive. While most municipalities allow grinding as a way of disposing of waste, some communities have experienced problems with non-biodegradable materials and have placed restrictions on the use of this method. In waste-pulping a liquefied waste is produced through the use of heavy-duty rotary grinders using recirculating water. The water is extracted and the resulting semidry pulp is stored in bins prior to removal. This system cannot accommodate glass or metal.
The Metabolism of Alcohol in the Human Body
How Chemical Engineer Make a Orange
Chemical Weathering
Chemical Reactions
Water in Chemical Reactions
The Ames test for potential mutagenicity of chemical compounds