In criminal justice research, there is a great deal of variation ...

[james]

In criminal justice research, there is a great deal of variation in what or who is studiedwhich are technically known as
 
  a. causal inferences
  b. population sampling distributions
  c. trend studies
  d. units of analysis

Question 2

Rather than try to exclude or otherwise control possible outside influences, scientific realism studies how such influences are involved in
 
  a. external validity claims
  b. cause-and-effect relationships
  c. cohort and trend studies
  d. patterns and trends

[deja]

Answer to Question 1

d

Answer to Question 2

b

[james]

TYSM

[31809pancho]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it