Answer to Question 1
One of the first cases to highlight this issue was Inmates of the Boys' Training School v. Affleck in 1972 .
In its decision, a federal court argued that rehabilitation is the true purpose of the juvenile court and that without that goal, due process guarantees are violated. It condemned such devices as solitary confinement, strip cells, and lack of educational opportunities, and held that juveniles have a statutory right to treatment.
The court also established the following minimum standards for all juveniles confined in training schools:
A room equipped with lighting sufficient for an inmate to read until 10:00 P.M.
Sufficient clothing to meet seasonal needs
Bedding, including blankets, sheets, pillows, pillowcases, and mattresses, to be changed once a week
Personal hygiene supplies, including soap, toothpaste, towels, toilet paper, and toothbrush
A change of undergarments and socks every day
Minimum writing materials: pen, pencil, paper, and envelopes
Prescription eyeglasses, if needed
Equal access to all books, periodicals, and other reading materials located in the training school
Daily showers
Daily access to medical facilities, including provision of a 24-hour nursing service
General correspondence privileges
Student views will vary.
Answer to Question 2
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x-ray view of a fracture
Internal view of the heart illustrating the heart chambers, heart layers, and major blood vessels as
Alignment of Spinal Landmarks, Posterior View
The cardiovascular system. A schematic view of the closed circulation of blood. The heart is section
Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of minds to think
Explain the myogenic autoregulation of the glomerular filtration rate